Dr. Levy's research centers on urban environmental exposure and health risk modeling, with an emphasis on spatiotemporal exposure patterns and related environmental justice issues. Recent and ongoing research topics include evaluating spatial patterns of air pollution in complex urban terrain, developing methods to quantify the magnitude and distribution of health benefits associated with energy efficiency and renewable energy measures, using systems science approaches to evaluate the benefits of housing interventions on pediatric asthma, and developing methods for community-based cumulative risk assessment that includes chemical and non-chemical stressors. He co-directs the Center for Research on Environmental and Social Stressors in Housing Across the Life Course (CRESSH), which involves interdisciplinary research activities connecting environmental epidemiology, exposure science, and health disparities modeling, with a focus on the indoor environment and community-engaged research.

He has been a member of several National Research Council committees, including the Committee on Science for EPA's Future, the Committee on Health Impact Assessment, and the Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the US Environmental Protection Agency. He also served on the Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis, which provided guidance to EPA on the impact of the Clean Air Act on health, the economy, and the environment.