The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: What We Know — And What We’re Learning

Social media has transformed the way we connect, communicate, and consume information. It can foster community, amplify voices, and provide support — but it also poses risks to mental health. As research continues to explore this complex relationship, it’s clear that understanding and mitigating the negative impacts of social media is a growing public health priority.

A Double-Edged Sword

Potential Benefits:

• Social connection: For many, especially those who may feel isolated, social media can offer a sense of belonging and an opportunity to engage with like-minded communities.
• Mental health awareness: Social platforms can increase access to information and reduce stigma by elevating conversations about mental health.

Risks and Concerns:

• Anxiety and depression: Numerous studies link high levels of social media use with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, particularly among adolescents and young adults.
• Negative social comparison: Constant exposure to curated and idealized portrayals of others’ lives can undermine self-esteem and well-being.
• Cyberbullying and harassment: Online abuse remains a significant threat, with lasting emotional consequences.
• Sleep disruption: Excessive nighttime use can interfere with sleep, which is vital to mental health.

“Social media can be a great way to stay connected, but it’s important to notice how it makes you feel,” said Dr. Jeffrey Borenstein, President and CEO of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation and host of the public television show Healthy Minds. “If you find it’s affecting your mood or sleep, take a break — your mental health comes first.”

Vulnerable Populations

While people of all ages use social media, young people — whose brains and coping mechanisms are still developing — appear particularly vulnerable to its harmful effects. But adults, too, are at risk of developing unhealthy patterns of social media use that can negatively affect mood and relationships.

Ongoing Research

Understanding how, why, and for whom social media affects mental health remains an active area of scientific inquiry. Researchers are exploring:

• How specific patterns of use (passive scrolling vs. active engagement) affect mood and well-being.
• What factors may make some individuals more vulnerable than others.
• How social media design and algorithms contribute to user experience and mental health outcomes.
• Strategies for promoting healthier digital behaviors.

As an organization that funds mental health research, we are committed to advancing knowledge in this area and supporting evidence-based interventions that promote mental well-being in a digital world.

Tips for Healthier Social Media Use

Some practical steps can help minimize harm:

• Be mindful of how social media makes you feel — and adjust your use accordingly.
• Limit screen time, especially before bed.
• Curate your feed to focus on positive, supportive content.
• Take breaks and prioritize offline activities that promote mental health.

When to Seek Help

If you notice that social media is negatively affecting your mood, sleep, or relationships, consider reaching out to a mental health professional. Help is available — and taking that first step is a sign of strength.

Moving Forward

Social media is a powerful force in modern life. With continued research and public awareness, we can better understand its impacts — and equip individuals and communities with the tools to foster healthier online experiences.